With so many options available in thermal imaging and near infrared cameras, you can spend an enormous amount of time researching and choosing the best camera for your application. Advances in both longwave infrared (LWIR) and short wave infrared (SWIR) imaging, have opened up a broad range of applications in industrial process and condition monitoring, surveillance, agriculture, and of course military. At the same time cost of devices and technologies is dropping rapidly.
This comprehensive article posted on Vision Systems Online provides an excellent overview of both SWIR and LWIR technologies and how to choose what is, and what is not, important for your application.
Understanding the relative temperature differences in a color-mapped thermal image is easy but if accurate temperature measurements are required, a number of potential error sources must be considered. These include the emissivity of the surface being measured, the viewing angle of the camera, surface reflections, the transmission characteristics of the target, atmospheric attenuation, spatial resolution limitations and motion blur. If one or more of these considerations are overlooked, temperature accuracy will suffer.
Temperature measurements captured by a thermal camera consist of transmitted, reflected and emitted energy, the measured temperature being the sum of these three energy components. Transmitted energy is the energy passing through the object while reflected energy is the energy reflected from the target to the camera. Emitted energy is the energy generated by the target. Generally, when measuring the temperature of an object, the emitted energy is of primary concern. [...]
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The United States and China are important export markets for Germany, making up as much as 20% of export sales for machine vision systems in 2016.
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